Rapid population growth and industrial expansion have significantly exacerbated water pollution challenges worldwide. This situation is further intensified by the emergence of new chemical compounds, leading to elevated levels of contaminants in both untreated and treated water supplies. Epidemiological research highlights a growing global burden of waterborne diseases, underscoring the urgency of addressing these pollution-related health risks. Moreover, climate change is compounding the problem by destabilizing water resources, with regions like Iran being particularly vulnerable. In response to these complex challenges, a specialized research center dedicated to water quality was established in 2010, marking a critical step toward developing sustainable solutions for safeguarding water resources and public health.